Additional NTFP References

The US Department of Agriculture and the authors make no claims about the healing properties of these plants and/or their curative abilities. This information is presented to summarize traditional and folkloric medicinal uses of herbs, and is not intended to take the place of a professional medical opinion or to serve for self-diagnosis or treatment. Some of the plants listed here are toxic and should only be used by licensed professionals who can process them properly. Additionally, some of the traditional uses for these herbs have since proven to be ineffective. If you have a medical problem, consult your physician to discuss any alternatives.

Becker, H. 17 Jul. 2000. American mayapple yields anti-cancer extract. USDA Agricultural Research Station News & Information. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2000/000717.htm (7 Mar. 2002).

Blumenthal, M. 2000. Saw palmetto gets strong public boost: USP publishes monograph and Consumer Reports gives thumbs up, recognizing benefits for BPH. HerbalGram 50:32-37.

Botany.com. 1997-2001. J.L. Clairmonte Holdings Inc. http://www.botany.com/ (10 Oct. 2001).

Bradley, P. and T. Seyden. 28 Feb. 2001. Spring harvesting of galax to be restricted. USDA Forest Service- National Forests in North Carolina News Release. http://www.cs.unca.edu/nfsnc/press/galax_release.htm (29 Nov. 2001).

Brevoort, P. 1998. The booming U.S. botanical market: A new overview. Herbalgram 4:33-45.

Cardillo, F.M. 1999. Lycopodium obscurum. A survey of the plant kingdoms: Classification of plants, Whittaker FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM (1978). Department of Biology, Manhattan College and the College of Mt. St. Vincent, Bronx, New York. http://web1.manhattan.edu/fcardill/plants/vascular/obscurum.html (21 Mar. 2002).

Chamberlain, J., R. Bush, and A.L. Hammett. 1998. Non-timber forest products: The other forest products. Forest Products Journal. 48(10):2-12.

Chiltoskey, M.U., P.B. Hamel, R. Grant, G.B. Chiltoskey, O. Jumper. Cherokee plants and their uses: A 400 year history.

Dirr, M.A. 2000. Witch Hazel. DoItYourself.com. Site no longer available. (21 Sept. 2001).

Eisenberg, D.M., R.C. Kessler, C. Foster, F.E. Norlock, D.R. Calkins, and T.L. Delbanco. 1993. Unconventional medicine in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine. 328(4):246-252.

Ellison, G. 28 Mar. 2001. Wild mountain greens are still plentiful. The Smoky Mountain News. http://www.yellowcreek.org/ycbiweb/smokymtn1.html (28 Mar. 2002).

Farnsworth, N. R., and R.W. Morris. 1976. Higher plants: The sleeping giant of drug development. American Journal Pharmaceutical Education. 148(Mar.-Apr.):46-52.

Felter, H.W., and J.U. Lloyd. 1898. Kings American dispensatory. 18^th ed. 3^rd rev. Scanned version by H. Kress. 2000-2001. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/main.html (17 Aug. 2001).

Fern, K. 1997-2000. Plants for a future - The species database. http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/pfaf/D_intro.html (17 Aug. 2001).

Floridata.com LC. 1996-2001. Hamamelis virginiana. Floridata - Encyclopedia of Plants and Nature. http://www.floridata.com/ref/h/hama_vir.cfm (12 Oct. 2001).

Floyd, D.W. (editor). 1999. Forest of discord: Options for governing our national forests and federal public lands. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters. 84 pp.

Fondren, B. 15 May 1998. Mayapple. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. Cabondale, IL: Southern Illinois University. http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/mayapple.htm (7 Mar. 2002).

Forest Capital Development Association. 2000. Borealforest.org. Forest Capital of Canada 2000. http://www.borealforest.org/ferns/fern11.htm (21 Mar. 2002).

Foster, S. 1995. Forest Pharmacy: Medicinal plants in American forests. Durham, NC: Forest History Society. 57pp.

Foster, S. 2000. Witch hazel. Steven Foster Group. http://www.stevenfoster.com/education/monograph/witchhazel.html (15 Aug. 2001).

Foster, S., and J.A. Duke. 2000. A field guide to medicinal plants and herbs of eastern and central North America, 2nd edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series. National Audubon Society, National Wildlife Federation, and the Roger Tory Peterson Institute. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co. 411pp.

Freed, J. 1994. Special forest products past, present, future. In: Dancing with an elephant, proceedings of the conference, The Business and Science of Special Forest Products. Schnepf, C. (editor) January 26-27, 1994, Hillsboro, Oregon. Portland, OR: Western Forestry and Conservation Association. pp1-11.

Goetz, R.J. 1998. Wild black cherry. Indiana Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets. Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University. http://www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant46.htm (14 Aug. 2001).

Greenfield, J. and J.M. Davis. 2001. Cultivation of ramps (Allium tricoccum and A. burdickii). HIL-133. Department of Horticulture Science, North Carolina State University, and North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-133.html (26 Mar. 2002).

Grieve, M. 1931. A modern herbal. (hyper-text version by Botanical.com.) 1995-2002. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html (29 Nov 2001).

H.R. 2466. 1999. Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. House of Representatives Bill, sent to the President October 1999.

Harding, A.R. 1936. Ginseng and other medicinal plants. Scanned version by M. Moore. 2002. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/harding/main.html (7 Mar 2002).

Haughton, C. 23 Sept. 2001. Purple sage herb profiles. http://www.purplesage.org.uk/ (14 Aug. 2001).

Hauslohner, A.W. 1997. Couple builds green empire with pine-roping outfit. Roanoke Times. December 6, Metro Edition, A1.

Healthnotes, Inc. 2001. Witch hazel. In: GNC: The natural pharmacy. http://www.gnc.com/health_notes/herbal.asp (15 Aug. 2001).

Herzog, J.L. 1996-2002. Medical herbs online. http://www.egregore.com/default.htm (15 Oct. 2001).

Horticopia, Inc. 2001. Horticopia Plant Information. http://www.hortpix.com (29 Nov. 2001).

Jackson, D. and K. Shelton. 1997-2001. Alternative Nature Online Herbal. http://altnature.com (21 May 2001).

Jones, J. 15 Jul. 1998. Personal communication. Stockton, Missouri: Hammons Products Company.

Kelly, G. 1999. Collinsonia canadensis, or Stoneroot. North American Products. http://www.dadamo.com/napharm/gk6.htm (15 Aug. 2001).

Krochmal, A., R.S. Walters, and R.M. Doughty. 1969. A guide to medicinal plants of Appalachia. Upper Darby, PA: USDA Forest Service. Research Paper NE-138. 291pp.

Le Bars, P.L., M.M. Katz,, N. Berman, T.M. Itil, A.M. Freedman, A.F. Schatzberg. 1997. A placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial of an extract of Gingko biloba for dementia. Journal of American Medical Association. 278(16):1327-1332.

Mater Engineering, Ltd. 1992. Analysis and development of a conceptual business plan for establishing a special forest products processing plant. Report for the USDA Forest Service, Region 6, Sweet Home Oregon. 233 pp.

Mater Engineering, Ltd. 1993. Special forest products market analysis. Report for Saskatchewan Timberlands Division, Weyerhaeuser Canada, Ltd., Project No. 3017. 94 pp.

Mater Engineering. 1994. Minnesota special forest products: A market study. Report for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Corvallis. OR: Mater Engineering, LTD.

McCormick, M.J. Mar. 1991. In search of the wild ramp. Written for Herb Companion; reprinted in Foodfinder.com. http://www.foodfinder.com/ramps/ramphistory.html (26 Mar 2002).

McCraw, B.D. 1999. Propagation of fruits and nuts by seed. OSU Extension Facts F-6211. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. http://www.agweb.okstate.edu/pearl/hort/fruits/f6211.htm (12 Oct. 2001).

McInnis-Shaw, V. 1994-2050. Hepatitis-central: Herbs For The Liver. http://www.hepatitis-central.com/hcv/herbs/fortheliver/toc.html (15 Aug. 2001).

Miller, B. 19 Feb. 2002. Smokies Announces Ban on Ramp Collecting. National Park Service Great Smoky Mountain National Park website, News and Events. http://www.nps.gov/grsm/Ramp-prohibit-rel.htm (26 Mar. 2002).

Miller, R.A. 1988. Native plants of commercial importance. OAK, Inc. Grants Pass, OR. 343pp.

Missouri Botanical Garden. 2000. Plant finder. http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/alphaa-f.shtml (29 Nov 2001).

Noland, D. 1997. Galax Leaves. Introduction to floral design: Cut flower identification and use. http://classes.aces.uiuc.edu/NRES107/galax.htm (29 Nov. 2001).

Nutriflip. 27 Sept. 1998. Naturopathy - Herbs and other plant products. Nutrition for a Living Planet - Food, Nutrition, Diet and Health. http://www.geocities.com/nutriflip/Naturopathy/ (10- Oct. 2001).

Ody, P. 1993. The complete medicinal herbal. New York: DK Publishing. 192pp.

OPLIN. 1997. Sassafras. What Tree is It? Ohio Public Library Information Network and The Ohio Historical Society. http://www.oplin.lib.oh.us/products/tree/fact%20pages/sassafras/sassafras.html (30 Oct. 2001).

Parziale, E. 2001. Stoneroot. The backyard herbalist online manual of domestic economy. Internet site no longer available. (15 Aug. 2001).

Perry, L. 2001. Eupatorium. PSS 123 Garden Flowers. Deptartment of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont. http://pss.uvm.edu/pss123/wmeupat.html (15 Oct. 2001).

Porcher, F.P. 1970. Resources of the southern fields and forests, 2nd edition. New York: Amo Press. 601pp.

Reed, D. 21 May 2001. Wildflowers of the southeastern United States. http://2bnthewild.com (17 Aug. 2001).

Rook, E. 1999. Lycopodium obscurum: Ground pine. http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/ferns/lycopodobs.html (21 Mar. 2002).

Russell, A.B. 1997. Poisonous plants of North Carolina. North Carolina State University Department of Horticultural Science. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/poison.htm (10 Oct 2001).

Schnepf, C. (editor). 1994. Dancing with an Elephant. Proceedings from a Conference. Portland, OR: Western Forestry and Conservation Association. 210pp.

Seiler, J.R. and J.A. Peterson. 2001. Black cherry. Fact sheets for tree identification. Virginia Tech Dendrology. http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/biglist_frame.htm (10 Oct. 2001).

Sievers, A.F. 1930. The herb hunters guide. Misc Publ. 77. USDA, Washington, DC. Hypertext version 8 Apr. 1998. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/HerbHunters/hhunters.html (29 Nov. 2001).

Stephens, J.M. 1994. "Pokeweed: Phytolacca americana L." Fact Sheet HS-648. Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_MV115 (12 Oct. 2001).

Stix, G. 1998. Plant matters. Scientific American. 278(2):301.

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Forest Products Division. 2002. Non-wood forest products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/FORESTRY/FOP/FOPW/NWFP/nwfp-e.stm (27 Mar. 2002).

United Plant Savers. At Risk Plants. http://www.plantsavers.org/ (12 Oct. 2001).

United States National Arboretum. 2002. USDA plant hardiness zone map. The 2001 US National Arboretum "Web Version" of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 1475, Issued January 1990. http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/ushzmap.html (8 Apr. 2002).

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U.S. Code 52 Stat 1040. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, 52 United States Statute at Large. pp1040 (1938).

U.S. Code 52 Stat 780. Drug Amendments of 1962, 52 United States Statute at Large. pp780. (1962).

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U.S. Congress. 1960. Multipe Use Sustained Yield Act (MUSYA). U.S. Code 74 Stat. 215. Multiple Use and Sustained Yield Act of 1960, 74 United States Statute at Large.

U.S. Congress. 1976. National Forest Management Act (NFMA). U.S. Code 90 Stat. 2949. National Forest Management Act of 1976. 90 United States Statute at Large.

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USDA Forest Service. 1990. Silvics of North America, Volume 2: Hardwoods. St. Paul Field Office on-line publications, Agriculture Handbook 654. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/table_of_contents.htm (14 Aug. 2001).

USDA Forest Service. 1991a. Forest Service manual. Title 2400: Timber management. Amendment 2400-91-9. Effective July 26. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 12pp.

USDA Forest Service. 1991b. Forest Service Handbook (FSH) 2409.18 Timber sale preparation handbook. Amendment 2409.18-91-3. Effective June 19. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 19pp.

USDA Forest Service. 1994a. Forest Service manual (FSM). Title 2400: Timber management. Region 8 Supplement 2400-94-3. Effective March 29. Atlanta, GA: USDA Forest Service. 5pp.

USDA Forest Service. 1994b. Forest Service Handbook (FSH) 2409.18. Timber sale preparation Handbook. R8 Supplement 2409.18-94-3. Effective October 27. Atlanta, GA: USDA Forest Service. 24pp.

USDA Forest Service. 1995a. Forest Service manual. Title 2400. Timber management. Amendment 2400-95-2. Effective April 28. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 18pp.

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USDA Forest Service. 1999a. Forest Service manual. Title 2400. Timber management. Amendment 2400-99-2. Effective May 26. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 21pp.

USDA Forest Service. 1999b. Forest Service handbook (FSH) 2409.18. Timber sale preparation handbook. Amendment 2409.18-99-10. Effective April 1. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. 45pp.

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